read the readingprovided and write summary and answer question. The main objective of examining alternate development perspectives in India, Brazil and Mexico in the third part of the class has been to contrast them with the the modernist development perspective that is privileged by the west. Thus, you should review the following:
– the critiques levied by the various movements we have examined (of development, capitalism, commodification, etc.), the goals they pursue and the projects they implement
Three countries all not really rich, so compare the western’s perspective and find what relationship does global north and global south have. and what relationship between these three movement and capitalism development and environment. Each question please answer about half page and label it.
GEORGE MESZAROS
No ordinary revolution:
Brazil’s Landless Workers’
Movement
The struggle over land has been a continuing feature of Brazilian history.
And, for reasons to do with the dispossession of the native Indians, the
importation of slave labour and the need to maintain colonial rule over
often uncharted territory, the Brazilian state has always kept powers of
intervention over land issues. Yet control of its huge land mass ± the
country stretches almost the length of the South American continent ±
is still largely vested in the powerful, large land-owning class as it has
been for some three hundred years, leaving some 25 million of its popula-
tion (out of an estimated 170 million) dependent on insecure and poorly
paid agricultural work. The ®rst tentative steps towards land reform
under the civilian government of JoaÄo Goulart (1961±64), which would
have curbed, slightly, the overweening power of the landed elite, led to
his ousting and the imposition of military rule which lasted for the next
twenty-one years. However, the military regime, in its land laws of
1964 and 1969, opened up the potential for reform, by rescinding, in
effect, the necessity for landowners to receive prior monetary compensa-
tion for unused land appropriated by the state and by de®ning a formula
on which `just’ compensation could be based. But the civilian government
installed in 1985, though ostensibly more democratic, maintained and in
some ways increased the power of the landowners. And the advent of an
George Meszaros is Sociolegal Research Fellow at the School of Law, University of
Warwick. He has just completed the ®eldwork stage of an ESRC-funded project, looking
at issues of law, legitimacy and social change in Brazil, in the context of the agrarian land
question. [email: george.meszaros@warwick.ac.uk]
Race & Class
